III. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS

Year : 2021  |  Volume : 6  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 153-178

III. Congress Proceedings

Correspondence Address:

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

DOI: 10.4103/1596-896X.334067

• Effective teaching skills
• Being prepared to teach
• Mastery of the science
• Learner-centred educational methods

• Encourage members to upgrade as educators
• Work with similar organisations to make courses available for members
• Make it mandatory for all female doctors to acquire effective teaching skills
• Support female doctors to participate in courses that prepare them to be educators
• Encourage members to upgrade as educators
• Work with similar organisations to make courses available for members
• Make it mandatory for all female doctors to acquire effective teaching skills
• Support female doctors to participate in courses that prepare them to be educators.

Figure 1: Dr Jude Azai, SWIPHA Representative Click here to view

Figure 2: Cross-section of attendees at the SWIPHA event that held on 25th March 2021 at the International Conference Centre, Abuja Click here to view

Figure 3: Virtual attendees at the SWIPHA event on 24th March 2021 Click here to view

1. 'Everybody prescribes drugs'. This can result in inadequate dose. Does this contribute to antimicrobial resistance? What is SWIPHA doing about this?


'Antimicrobial prescribed by SWIPHA is unaffordable'... throw more light


2. For the first question, the presenter expressed how SWIPHA engaged healthcare providers to institute the culture of best medical practices. The second question was not answered due to time constraint.

• Need for good antimicrobial stewardship by clinicians and all stakeholders. Prescriptions should be made only when needed, at the right dose and with strict adherence to the duration of use
• SWIPHA recommends an easy switch from parenteral third-generation cephalosporin to an oral third-generation cephalosporin, which maintains same pharmacokinetics and same coverage
• The MWAN/MWIA should create more awareness on antimicrobial resistance among its members
• Doctors should prescribe the right medication, at the right regimen, for the right duration and for the right patient
• There should be a good control and regulation of prescriptions and sales of antibiotics
• SWIPHA and similar pharmaceutical companies should further bridge the knowledge, stock and availability gap by ensuring that good quality antibiotics are not necessarily more expensive, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in order to reduce the limitation of prescription of these medications.

1. Virtual: 57
2. Physical: 38

Figure 4: Summary of presentation Click here to view

Figure 5: Epidemiology and features of Streptococcus pneumoniae Click here to view

Figure 6: Nigeria's Minister of Health and Medical Women's International Association President at the Opening Ceremony of the Medical Women's International Association Near East and Africa Region Congress on 25th March 2021 Click here to view

Figure 7: Hon. Minister of Health of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Osagie Ehanire and his entourage entering the venue for the Medical Women's International Association Near East and Africa Region Congress opening ceremony at International Conference Centre Abuja on 25th March 2021 Click here to view

• Mr Onoriode Esiri, Health Economist, World Bank
• Prof Obinna Onwujekwe, Health Economist, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
• Prof Akin Osibogun, Former CMD, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)
• Dr Sanjana Bhardwaj, UNICEF
• Dr Wondi Alemu, WHO.

1. Assess the status of UHC coverage in the region
2. Explore options of finance for UHC
3. Identify approaches/strategies of increasing government expenditure on health
4. Find ways of reducing maternal mortality, infant mortality and under-five mortality across countries.

1. Strengthening health systems/status of UHC in the region and what it will take to make progress towards UHC
2. Health financing for UHC in Nigeria
3. Human resources (HR) for health for UHC
4. Strengthening PHC for UHC
5. Challenges and prospects towards UHC in the region.

• Get finance to train and retrain skilled workforce
• Ensue equitable distribution
• Quality care for emergencies
• Make country feel safe to curb brain drain
• Employ skilled workforce
• Monitor strategic purchasing.

• Prepare public health systems according to the WHO standards
• Prioritise UHC to attain UHC
• Promote healthier services.

• Great flow of topics and speakers
• Brilliant session with fantastic speakers who did not exceed the time allotted for their speeches.

• Session started on time
• Speakers kept to time
• Network issues necessitated a switch in the arrangement of the speakers
• There was an issue of discordant slide change with a speaker whose slides were shared by the virtual host.

1. Identify those healthcare needs of the most vulnerable populations across the region
2. Discuss priorities and strategies available for delivering high-quality interventions towards optimising women's and adolescents' health
3. Emphasise the approaches/strategies/interventions that work
4. Identify existing initiatives to advance UHC particularly at the community level.

1. Critical healthcare needs of vulnerable groups for universal healthcare coverage in the region – Prof Segun Fatusi
2. Women's health priorities and interventions – Prof Afua Hesse
3. Promoting adolescent health in the region – Dr Senan Hodonou
4. Delivering high-quality interventions on a continuum of care – Dr Hally Mahler
5. Eliminating barriers to accessing essential services for women and children – Prof Angela Okolo
6. Community-based initiatives to advance UHC – Prof Emmanuel Otolorin.

1. Develop alliances with health financing partners for UHC with particular focus on adolescents' needs
2. Invest in health policies and interventions tailored to youth's needs
3. Conduct capacity development for health workers on adolescent responsive services
4. Promote adolescent responsive health centres infrastructure
5. Disseminate and appropriate the Global Standards for Quality Health-Care Services for Adolescents
6. Enhance disaggregated data collection and report on adolescent health at national/provincial/regional and district levels.

Figure 8: FHI 360 Areas of Expertise Click here to view

Figure 9: FHI 360 in Nigeria Click here to view

1. The HIV care continuum is useful both as an individual-level tool to assess care outcomes and a population-level framework to analyse the proportion of people with HIV who are engaged in each successive step
2. Real-time analysis and use of data are important to identifying gaps in programming and facilitating early course corrections
3. Innovative approaches are required to deliver high-quality services and overcome programming challenges to retain clients on the care continuum
4. COVID-19 has been an engine for ingenuity and opened the door to policy changes that in the long run will benefit clients.

1. Long distances to services – more in rural areas where there is low density of modern healthcare facilities and poor transportation systems and road infrastructures lead to delays in the decision to seek care (demand- and supply-side factors)
2. Adverse socio-cultural practices (low status of women [gender issues] [demand side])
3. High illiteracy rates (demand- and supply-side factors)
4. Socio-economic or resource-related barriers (demand and supply side)

1. Equitable distribution of healthcare facilities across regions of the country. An increase in the density of modern healthcare facilities, particularly in the rural areas and settings where transportation systems and road infrastructures are poor, will bring about high proximity to healthcare facilities. (Thus, strengthening of PHC structures and implementation of the full concept)
2. Identify and implement strategies to cover the gaps in the shortage of health personnel and inadequate supply of drugs – cover the gaps in health funds due to health budget cutbacks resulting from the economic crisis
3. Strengthen strategies that prioritise women's health in Africa by adopting a holistic, multidisciplinary approach that links together biomedical, sociocultural and economic factors. Such policies will address women's health, education and economic benefits to the advantage of labour productivity, national economy, child life and child health
4. Adopt a holistic, multidisciplinary approach links together biomedical, sociocultural and economic factors through policies that will address women's health, education and economic benefits to the advantage of labour productivity, national economy, child life and child health. Most studies highlight that barriers are best addressed by considering them holistically and in the way that different factors intersect to combined effect. Prioritising one barrier over another may not achieve positive results. Community-level approaches including decision-makers and men are also recommended, to overcome intersecting barriers. In addition, supply- and demand-side barriers often work in tandem, and where possible, multiple levels of the health system as a whole should be taken into account
5. User fees removal: Many low- and middle-income countries' financing methods do not mobilise sufficient resources to provide the desired levels of healthcare for their entire population. Available resources are not pooled to provide protection against household expenditure variance or channelled through some form of pre-payment mechanisms; scarce resources that were mobilised are often insufficient to cover the cost of healthcare expenditure. The poor and other vulnerable groups who need healthcare the most are the most affected by these shortcomings, especially the high reliance on user fees and other OOP expenditures on health which are both impoverishing and provide a financial barrier to needed care. Hence, removal of user fees had led to observed increase in utilisation of services in Uganda, South Africa and Madagascar. However, concerns about drug availability for the poor and the effects on preventive services have limited these success stories and made these to be better qualified successes. This actually led to a reintroduction of user fees in the case of Madagascar.

Figure 10: Sustainable Development Goal 3 Statement Click here to view

Figure 11: The Transforming Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Optimal Pregnancy Programme Approach Click here to view

Figure 12: The 17 Sustainable Development Goal Click here to view

Figure 13: Essential health services for attaining universal health coverage Click here to view

Figure 14: Preliminary results of the Transforming Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Optimal Pregnancy IPT Survey from 4 African Countries Click here to view

Figure 15: Case Study of Nigeria Community Intermittent Preventive Treatment during Pregnancy Project Click here to view

Figure 16: Importance of community Click here to view

1. Dr Mohammed Pate – Executive Director, World Bank
2. Dr Padmini Murthy – Secretary General, MWIA, Professor and Global Health Director
3. Dr Faisal Shuaib – Executive Director, National PHC Development Agency (NPHCDA) represented by Dr Garba, the Director Planning, Research and Statistics, NPHCDA
4. Dr Joannie Marlewa Bewa – Global Youth Advocate, Specialist in Clinical Care, Research and Advocacy from South Florida, USA
5. Dr Sam Oboche Agbo– Sr. Health Advisor, Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office
6. Dr Bolanle Oyelodun – Country Director, CHP

1. There is still high unmet need for health in the continent. We need to eliminate preventable maternal and infant deaths and reduce malaria and other communicable diseases and NCDs. It is however possible and within reach to close the gaps, but this would require deliberately identifying the most vulnerable and those left behind through data analysis to map geographical disparity, age, sex, socio-economic status, etc. and then focus on what we find
2. Target and tailor services to address these needs, explore barriers to acceptability of services
3. Build capacity for health workers to provide services both in public and private sectors
4. Strengthen community-based actors, empower them
5. Improve quality of care, affordability and availability of services
6. Outreaches via home visits, eHealth, mHealth.

1. Political commitment through all response and responsible bodies
2. Understanding and addressing contexts
3. Community ownership – bottom-top approach
4. Girl child education
5. Women empowerment
6. N/B women need to be at the table of discussion. It is our right to make our decisions, so they must talk to us. Women must also look out for other women.

1. Putting women and adolescents at the heart of UHC is crucial, irrespective of where they are
2. No one size fits all, but policies must be gender-sensitive, age-specific
3. Service delivery must be equitable and affordable with use of affordable technology. She highlighted inequity in vaccine distribution, poor access to sanitary products and commercialisation of products with different costs in different locations
4. We must factor human rights in healthcare delivery
5. UHC cannot be achieved without women, children and adolescent health and vice versa
6. Dr Sam reiterated that the solution is women empowerment and girl child education. Let no woman die! Leave no one behind!!

1. Address violence against women and girls (VAWG)
2. Prioritise healthcare financing by increasing domestic financing, invest more in health and reduce systemic waste
3. Engage private sector to mobilise resources
4. Political will make health a priority, walk the talk
5. Invest in data, strengthen health security, and ensure policies are operationalised to give desired effects
6. Invest in PHC
7. Use simple techniques and life-saving innovations
8. Speak out for the most vulnerable.

1. UHC is a political choice. Health is a fundamental human right and accountability is a prerequisite for UHC
2. The people's voice matter and the role of civil society is key in pushing for accountability
3. Politicians must show commitment and the people must hold them accountable
4. He used the polio eradication as example to show the need for accountability framework and transparency as key factors in achieving desired goals

1. Address barriers to girl child education
2. Some innovations during the pandemic include rapid development of vaccines, vaccination digital record and tracking, direct solar technology and solar-driven PHCs, scale-up of the help babies breathe technique, PPP investment, use of drones to deliver products, GIS, trainings on zoom, ethical financing (Islamic financing), digital technology
3. A few challenges include state security, government interference, lack of trust, non-state actors exploiting the technology
4. He noted that the future is bright and Africa takes it. We can do it!

1. Documenting our ideas in the region
2. Change our fixed minds and be amenable to change so we can catch up
3. Promote home grown practices, advocacies on best practices
4. Improve government commitment, sincerity
5. Use effective communication tools
6. Doctors, medical women should get into politics and decision-making.

1. Inclusion of the elderly as a vulnerable group who needs attention
2. Advice for NEAR countries to take deliberate steps to facilitate and strengthen patient participation in their care, among other things, make health systems more user-friendly, and mandate health providers to use health literacy principles in patient–provider communication

1. Need for more women interested in politics to be supported
2. Intensify advocacy and lobbying for addressing all issues pertaining promotion of UHC across the region and especially as it affects women, children, adolescents, the elderly, and other vulnerable population groups
3. Sensitisation of the populace and communities for their active involvement. Be a voice for the vulnerable voiceless

• Financing PHC in a post-polio, peri-COVID-19 era by Dr Oritseweyimi Ogbe
• Leveraging the experiences with COVID-19 pandemic response and COVID-19 vaccines introduction to strengthen immunisation by Dr Bassey Okpossen
• NEMCHIC: Prioritising quality RMNCAH + N services by Dr Laila Umar
• CHIPS Programme: Strengthening the community component of PHC in Nigeria – for improved access to and demand for services by Dr Nana Sandah-Abubakar.

• Grant writing and project implementation by Prof Rosemary Ogu
• Summary of baseline findings and Project results by Dr Omosivie Maduka
• Lessons learnt by Dr Vetty Agala
• Conclusions and case for sustainability by Dr Claribel Abam
• Highlights of each presentation and key issues raised.

1. Promote prevention of GDM through education and awareness campaigns in 42 communities in Rivers State
2. Build the capacity of healthcare providers at primary and private health facilities for screening and pre-referral care for GDM
3. Enhance the capacity of secondary and tertiary public and private health facilities for GDM care
4. Promote GDM intervention activities using evidence-based scientific publications, media reports and stakeholders fora

• There is a paradigm shift from risk-based screening to universal screening
• A combination of demand- and supply-side interventions has been demonstrated to work
• There is a need to scale up these interventions within Nigeria and Africa
• At the end of the project, a dissemination meeting held with all relevant stakeholders, and they all gave commitment to sustainability

1. How does one go about grant writing? Prof Ogu R. responded that there are a lot of resources on the internet on grant writing; most calls for grants come with an outline/instructions on how to write that grant. It is easier when you are passionate about a cause. When writing for grant as a group share tasks, you may not get it initially but keep at it. Dr Abam Claribel noted that as an association is best to have well-kept accounts that have been audited and budget that have been properly implemented
2. Is there a plan for monitoring and supportive supervision so that the good job the project has achieved can continue? Dr Agala responded that the policymakers were brought part of the steering committee of the project. There was a dissemination meeting with all the stakeholders and commitments were gotten for sustainability of GDM screening as part of routine
3. Do you share experiences with follow-up? Yes, although it was not easy but doable; it takes a lot of work. There is a plan for integration of services at PHC level - Dr Vetty Agala

• MWAN was able to avert complications associated with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in 1310 women
• MWAN members on the project implementation team had their skills on grant writing and project implementation strengthened.

• There is a need to scale up interventions used in the project within Nigeria and Africa.

• Workplace violence in healthcare by Dr Dabota Yvonne Buowari
• Violence against female doctors: A growing trend by Dr Popoola Margaret Owoloyi
• The role of chief executives in the prevention of violence in the medical workplace by Dr Ogugua Osi-Ogbu

• Introduction and the study methodology by Clara Ladi Ejembi
• Effects of COVID-19 on work and schooling: Any gender differentials? And gender dimensions in effects of COVID-19 on access to information and health services by Muhammad Bello
• Gender-based violence by Zainab Kwaru Muhmmad-Idris
• Conclusions and recommendations by Clara Ladi Ejembi.

• The study affirmed what exists in the literature, i.e. we still promote traditional gender norms as it was observed that women do more work at home as well as take care of children while caring for the sick in the household
• There was an increased workload for women during the pandemic – the only positive change was the increase in the helping of schoolchildren with school work compared to before the pandemic
• Traditional media was found to be the most important source of information for women during COVID-19
• There was reduction in utilisation of MCH services
• The pandemic adversely affected schooling of children of respondents
• Reduction in income became more apparent
• More females than males have ever-experienced intimate partner violence, higher prevalence with marginal increases experienced by females in all three forms of violence (i.e. psychosocial, physical and sexual)
• Males reported increased violence, particularly insults from their spouses/partners
• More females suffered consequences of GBV such as teenage pregnancy
• Qualitative data show report by men of increasing fights at home as there is no money
• Increasing cases of rapes and pregnancy among school girls
• Development partners report that there is no gender in the guidelines from the national and sub-national levels
• Men reported difficulties experienced by their women in getting access to reproductive health services; some have died due to these difficulties. There were no family planning commodities, as HCWs were not at the facilities or the facilities were closed
• Some did not go to facilities due to fear of contracting COVID-19
• Low-risk perception and feeling of invulnerability led to the poor or limited uptake of disease-preventive measures
• The pandemic and interventions in response to it negatively impacted the economy; people could not have access to basic needs – especially food – as markets were locked up in the metropolitan parts of the state
• Respondents also complained that there was no transparency in the distribution of the palliatives given by government.

• Step up community sensitisation
• Keep services available, prioritise MCH services
• Reach out to women with information through the media most available to them such as the radio, as well as time the messages appropriately so that they receive them
• Deploy facilities for schooling to avoid disenfranchisement of some population groups, especially girls in the grass-root areas
• Create safe spaces/platforms for vulnerable groups (women and girls) to get help and support for GBV
• Create and implement policies for prevention of GBV
• Government should establish and develop protocols that will guide management of cases of gender-based or intimate partner violence (GBV/IPV); build capacity through training of all necessary and relevant actors and stakeholders especially health care workers (HCWs) and law enforcement agents to be properly equipped to help and support survivors or those who suffered from GBV.

1. As mothers, we have a lot more to do. We need to start educating and indoctrinating our sons to break the culture of patriarchy and traditional gender norms
2. How we bring up our boys determines how they grow up to become men
3. We try our best such as we are doing, we try to raise profiles of women, but culture and religion have quite strong impacts, we are changing certain cultural norms such as the ascribed roles of girls and boys and we may be able to influence culture but with religion we face difficult hurdles
4. We agree culture is dynamic, which is great, so while we educate the boys and men, we empower our girls to stand up for themselves
5. We need lots of education and sensitisation as far as religion is concerned
6. We identify and make as champions some key religious leaders and maximally use them to reach their constituencies while we continue to educate
7. We have failed women as key actors lack capacity, the coordination from the protection arm, to the justice system to the healthcare providers who are unable to get the medico-legal evidence
8. As we move out of this regional conference, we should have a blueprint to help us guide the response – a document which conforms to the structure locally, of our healthcare system, judicial system and the different actors so that if another emergency appears, women do not get affected very direly like we are dealing with teenage pregnancy currently
9. The document guides the responses for instance when there is curfew and women need to access help, care or support
10. We in Kenya have set up a hotline, a tele-counselling hotline to help women and girls. We really need to develop documents that conform to the different entities in the response to GBV; we need to adapt the documents from the UN to suit our local context and setups
11. Currently, at the national level of MWAN, there is on-going advocacy for the establishment of policies and laws. There is also a concerted documentation of GBV. We certainly recognise the capacity gaps of key actors involved in the response to curb GBV
12. Kaduna state, North-west Nigeria, has made public pronouncements about countering GBV; there is also an on-going process of generating a bill, an act of law that will address GBV. This aims to ensure perpetrators are identified, placed in a register for offenders and punished appropriately. Punishments may include loss of/denial of certain privileges. There is also provision of support and protection for those who have suffered GBV
13. The comment on the complaint by men that women were unable to access maternal services during the pandemic, the response from the panellist is that this was actually the case, especially at the early stages of the pandemic and following lockdown declaration by the state government. However, the state conducted trainings and provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) to health care workers (HCWs) at the PHC center, especially as most of them were scared of contracting the disease and lacked PPEs. Family planning commodities were also provided by the UNFPA to avoid disruption. At the national level, NPHCDA made a press statement about the facilities remaining open and providing services.

1. Key next steps/action post-session



1. Highly recommended that we have a document/blueprint that is gender sensitive to guide responses to future emergencies
2. National and sub-national levels of MWAN should go beyond documentation of GBVs but to develop interventions to close the capacity gabs already identified, especially among actors and responders in the prevention and management of GBV.



2. 2. End-of-session evaluation


Verbal comments from participants stated how interesting they found the session, thoroughly enjoyed it and learnt from it.

Other than the initial hitches encountered at the beginning of the session, which made some to come and then leave the virtual rooms erratically, the session went very well.

No photographs taken as both rapporteurs attended virtually. Very few responded to the repeated message to add their gender to the register of names and sex. Thus, we were able to identify one of the panellists as the only male who participated in the session.

Figure 17: Household health expenditure as a percentage of the total household expenditure among the socio-economic groups in the rural and urban communities in the last 12 months Click here to view

Figure 18: Conceptual framework on quality of care. Source: WHO: Standards for improving quality of maternal care in healthcare facilities, 2016 Click here to view

Figure 19: Reasons for non-availability or inadequacy of resources for primary healthcare supervision in LGAs, Kaduna State 2018 Click here to view

Figure 20: Residents' perceived general reduction in clinical practice and teaching activities during the COVID-19 pandemic Click here to view

1. How did you determine the number of adopters and non-adopters of BPCR in your study? He responded that five criteria adopted from a previous study were used. Those who scored ≥3 were taken as adopters
2. How did ANC affect your findings? His response was that those who were frequent to ANC were adopters, but this was no longer significant using multivariate regression analysis among other questions.

1. Coverage of IPTp influences delivery outcomes among women with obstetric referrals at district level in Ghana by Mary Coleman (Substituted with Maryam Fadila Isa)
2. Clinical and haematological profile of women with sickle cell anaemia in pregnancy in Abakaliki, South-Eastern Nigeria, by Dr Ugwu, NI
3. Knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behaviour towards ARI on mothers of under-fives in Mushin LGA, Lagos State, by Dr Iruoma Chiamaka Osonwa.

• Rural–urban differences and correlates of mental health problems among adolescents in a South-western State, Nigeria, by Tolulope Soyannwo
• Determinants of treatment failure among HIV-infected adolescents on first-line ART in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, South-east Nigeria, by Maria-Lauretta Orji
• Perception, attitudes and notable factors associated with experience of menstruation among post-menarcheal secondary school girls by F. C. J Emegoakor
• Prevalence of Aceto-whitening of the cervix and uptake of cervical cancer screening among market women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, by Ugochukwu C. Madubueze
• Community study on the awareness and prevalence of child sexual abuse among adolescent girls living in Owo by E. J. Orji
• Digital patterns and patterns intensity indices of breast cancer in Nigerian women by Dorcas Olubunmi Taiwo-Ola.

• Challenges to implementation of UHC in Enugu state - Perceptions of PHC workers by Chinonye Orji
• Knowledge and attitude of religious leaders in Ilorin metropolis towards encouraging pre-marital haemoglobin genotype screening among their congregants by Ameen H. A.
• Knowledge, attitude and menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent secondary school girls in Kosofe local government area, Lagos State, by Tolulope Soyannwo
• Determinants of treatment failure among HIV -infected by …
• Adolescents on first-line ART in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, South-east Nigeria, by Maria-Lauretta Orji
• Prevalence and factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing mothers accessing routine immunisation in a tertiary hospital by N. C. Ekeleme
• Effect of knowledge on dietary choices and practices of pregnant women attending antenatal care at a primary health centre in Aba, Nigeria, by N. C. Ekeleme
• Demand for health cooperatives and willingness to join health insurance schemes in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, by Christie Divine Akwaowo.

• Female participation in medical politics in Nigeria
• Assessment of common dental problems and provision of care among institutionalised hearing impaired student in South-west Nigeria
• Well-being of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Nigerian doctors' study
• Handwashing techniques and oral hygiene practices among children in selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria
• Attitude and practice of authorship criteria among some selected specialist doctors in Nigeria
• Breast cancer in young women: A study in a private setting
• Factors influencing north western member participation in the activities of the MWAN: A cross-sectional pilot survey
• Knowledge and attitude of religious leaders in Ilorin metropolis towards encouraging pre-marital haemoglobin genotype screening among their congregants
• Breast cancer in young women: A study in a private setting
• Is there a gender disparity in infection prevention and control procedures with regard to the COVID-19 among medical doctors?
• Self-risk perception and predictive factors of women delivery site preference in Ile Ife.

• Assessment of common dental problems and provision of care among institutionalised hearing impaired student in Southwest Nigeria by Odofin Adesola D.

• Handwashing techniques and oral hygiene practices among children in selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, by Hannah Dada-Adegbola

• Breast cancer in young women: A study in a private setting by Olarinoye-Alegbejo M. I.

• Self-risk perception and predictive factors of women delivery site preference in Ile Ife by…

• Well-being of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Nigerian doctors study by Ogechukwu Mary-Anne Isokariari

• Is there gender disparity in infection prevention and control procedures with regard to the COVID-19 among medical doctors? By Kemisola Agoyi

• Female participation in medical politics in Nigeria

References

1.	WHO recommendations on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
2.	UNFPA. Girlhood, not motherhood: Preventing adolescent pregnancy. New York: UNFPA; 2015.
3.	Woog V and Kågesten A, The Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Very Young Adolescents Aged 10–14 in Developing Countries: What Does the Evidence Show? New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2017. https://www.guttmacher.org/report/srh-needs-very-young-adolescents-in-developing-countries.www.guttmacher.org.
4.	Kiani MA, Ghazanfarpour M, Saeidi M.Adolescent Pregnancy: A Health Challenge.Int J Pediatr 2019; 7: 9749-52. DOI:10.22038/ijp.2019.40834.3444.